Silicone hydrogel, lens for eye and contact lens

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides transparent silicone hydrogels with high acrylamide monomer content and an excellent balance between moisture content. 
     The silicone hydrogels may be obtained by polymerizing a monomer mix containing a plurality of monomers, wherein the monomer mix comprises about 30 to about 98% by weight of at least one type of silicone monomer which is, and about 1 to about 50% by weight of at least one type of non-silicone type (meth)acrylamide monomer containing two or more hydroxyl groups within a molecule; wherein the weight percents are based upon the total amount of monomer components and polymer components in the monomer mix.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No.JP2010-061991, filed Mar. 18, 2010.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a silicone hydrogel. This siliconehydrogel is suitable for use in medical implements such as ophthalmiclenses, endoscopes, catheters, transfusion tubes, gas transport tubes,stents, sheaths, cuffs, tube connectors, access ports, drainage bags,blood circuits, wound covering material, and various types of medicinecarriers, but is particularly suitable for contact lenses, ophthalmiclenses, and artificial corneas.

DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART

In recent years, silicone hydrogels have become known as materials forcontact lenses that are used for extended wear. Silicone hydrogels areobtained by combining at least one silicone component and at least onehydrophilic component. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 7,396,890 and U.S.Pat. No. 7,214,809 disclose silicone hydrogels obtained by polymerizinga polymerization mix containing silicone (meth)acrylamide monomer andhydrophilic components, which may include a hydrophilic acrylamidemonomer such as N,N-dimethylacrylamide, hydrophilic methacrylate estersuch as 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and an internal wetting agent.

However, the compositions can have relatively high amounts ofmethacrylate ester. While the acrylamide monomer has a higherpolymerization rate constant than the methacrylate ester duringhomopolymerization, the rate of acrylamide and methacrylatecopolymerization is significantly lower and as a result thepolymerization rate of the entire system will be reduced.

On the other hand, U.S. Pat. No. 4,711,943 and Japanese UnexaminedPatent Application H10-212355 disclose a silicone hydrogel containing asilicone acrylamide monomer and a hydrophilic acrylamide monomer.Acrylamide monomers account for the majority of these compositions, anda higher polymerization rate for the entire system is anticipated.However, the amido bond of the acrylamide group has high hydrophilicity,and therefore there are problems in that providing a transparent lens isdifficult from the perspective of achieving both a sufficient amount ofsilicone component to provide desirable oxygen permeability andproviding sufficient moisture content to provide flexibility to thelens. In particular, achieving a transparent lens is especiallydifficult if an internal wetting agent is added in order to increase thewettability of the surface.

On the other hand, Andre Laschewsky et al., Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2001,202, 276 286 discloses a polymer that uses a hydrophilic acrylamidemonomer with two or more hydroxyl groups in one molecule. However,neither copolymerization with a silicone monomer nor transparency andother physical properties of a copolymer are disclosed.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to silicone hydrogels with high acrylamidemonomer content and an excellent balance between moisture content,modulus, wettability and transparency. This silicone hydrogel issuitably used for various types of medical devices, particularly forophthalmic lenses such as contact lenses, intraocular lenses, andartificial cornea, and especially for contact lenses.

In order to achieve the aforementioned object, the present invention hasthe following composition. Namely,

(1) A silicone hydrogel obtained by polymerizing a polymerization mixcontaining a plurality of monomers containing about 30 to about 98weight % of at least one silicone monomer; and about 1 to about 50weight % of at least one non-silicone (meth)acrylamide monomerrepresented by

wherein R¹ is hydrogen or methyl;

at least one of R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ is substituted with at least one C1-C20alkyl substituted with at least one hydroxyl group, and

with the proviso that when;

i) one of R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ is hydrogen

ii) the other of R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ is substituted with at least two hydroxylgroups,

wherein said weight percent based upon total amount of monomercomponents and polymer components in the monomer mix.

The present invention further relates to medical devices made from theabove described silicone hydrogels, including contact lenses, artificialcorneas, endoscopes, catheters, transfusion tubes, gas transport tubes,stents, sheaths, cuffs, tube connectors, access ports, drainage bags,blood circuits, wound covering material, and medicine carriers.

The present invention further relates to a silicone hydrogel with highacrylamide monomer content and an excellent balance between moisturecontent, modulus, wettability and transparency. This silicone hydrogelis suitably used for various types of medical implements, particularlyfor ophthalmic lenses such as contact lenses, intraocular lenses, andartificial cornea, and especially for contact lenses.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

As used herein the term (meth) or (methyl) designates optional methylsubstitution. Thus, a term such as “(meth)acrylate” denotes bothmethacrylic and acrylic radicals.

The silicone hydrogel of the present invention is obtained bypolymerizing a monomer mix comprising

(A) from 30 to 98 weight % of at least one silicone monomer with regardsto a total amount of monomer component and polymer component.

(B) from 1 to 50 weight % of a non-silicone (meth)acrylamide monomerhaving two or more hydroxyl groups in a molecule with regards to thetotal amount of monomer component and polymer component.

For the present invention, silicone monomer refers to a monomercomprising a polymerizable group and a siloxanyl group. A siloxanylgroup refers to a group with at least one Si—O—Si bond.

Examples of silicone monomers that are used in the silicone hydrogel ofthe present invention are the silicone monomers expressed in thefollowing general formulae (a1) through (a4).

In formulae (a1) through (a4), R¹ independently represents a hydrogenatom or a methyl group. Of these, hydrogen atoms are preferable in orderto further increase the polymerization rate.

R²represents an alkyl group with between 1 and 20 carbon atoms, in someembodiments between 1 and 10 carbon atoms, and in other embodimentsbetween 1 and 6 carbon atoms, any of which are substituted with at leastone hydroxyl group. Examples include 2-hydroxyethyl groups,2-hydroxypropyl groups, 3-hydroxypropyl groups, 2,3-dihydroxypropylgroups, 4-hydroxy butyl groups, 2-hydroxy-1,1-bis(hydroxymethyl)ethylgroups, 2-hydroxymethylphenyl groups, 3-hydroxymethylphenyl groups,4-hydroxymethylphenyl groups and the like. In one embodiment R² isselected from 2-hydroxyethyl groups, 2-hydroxypropyl groups and2,3-dihydroxypropyl groups, and in another embodiment R² is a2,3-dihydroxypropyl group.

R³ represents an alkylene group having between 1 and 20 carbon atoms oran arylene group having between 6 and 20 carbon atoms, which may beunsubstituted or can independently have substitution groups such as withhydroxyl, acid, ester, ether, thiol and combinations thereof. In oneembodiment R³ represents a C1-10 alkylene which may be unsubstituted orindependently substituted with hydroxyl, acid, ester, ether, thiol andcombinations thereof. Examples thereof include methylene groups,ethylene groups, propylene groups, butylene groups, pentalene groups,octalene groups, decylene groups, and phenylene groups and the like.These alkylene and arylene groups can be straight or branched. Inanother embodiment R² is selected from C₁₋₅ alkylene groups, which maybe unsubstituted or substituted with hydroxyl, ether groups andcombinations thereof. In another embodiment R² is selected from C2-5alkylene groups, which may be unsubstituted or substituted withhydroxyl, ether groups and combinations thereof, and in yet anotherembodiment, R² is a C₃ alkylene groups, which may be unsubstituted orsubstituted with hydroxyl, ether groups and combinations thereof.

R⁴ represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl or aryl group with between 1and 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted with hydroxyl, acid, ester,ether, thiol and combinations thereof. Examples thereof include hydrogenatoms, methyl groups, ethyl groups, propyl groups, n-propyl groups,i-propyl groups, n-butyl groups, s-butyl groups, t-butyl groups,n-pentyl groups, i-pentyl groups, s-pentyl groups, neopentyl groups,hexyl groups, heptyl groups, octyl groups, nonyl groups, decyl groups,dodecyl groups, eicosyl groups, phenyl groups, naphthyl groups, and thelike. These alkyl groups can be straight or branched. If the number ofcarbon atoms in R⁴ is too high, the silicone content will be relativelylow, and therefore a hydrogen atom or an alkyl or aryl group withbetween 1 and 10 carbon atoms is more preferable, and a hydrogen atom oran alkyl group with between 1 and 4 for carbon atoms is most preferable.

A represents a siloxanyl group. Preferable examples thereof include thesilicone groups expressed by the following general formula (f):

In general formula (f), E¹ through E¹¹ independently represent ahydrogen atom, an alkyl group with between 1 and 20 carbon atoms, insome embodiments between 1 and 10 carbon atoms and in other embodimentsbetween 1 and 6 carbon atoms, any of which may be substituted withfluorine, hydroxyl, acid, ester, ether, thiol and combinations thereof,or an aryl group with between 6 and 20 carbon atoms which may besubstituted with fluorine, hydroxyl, acid, ester, ether, thiol andcombinations thereof.

In general formula (f), h represents an integer from 0 to 200, and i, j,and k independently represent integers from 0 to 20 (excluding the casewhere h=i=j=k=0). If the total of h+i+j+k is too small, sufficientoxygen permeability will not be achieved, but if too large, thecompatibility with the hydrophilic monomer will decrease. Therefore atotal between 2 and 100 is preferable, between 2 and 10 is morepreferable, and between 3 and 10 is most preferable. Furthermore,i=j=k=0 is preferable from the perspective of the shape recovery of thepolymer obtained by polymerizing the silicone prepolymer obtained.

Of the foregoing, the silicone (meth)acrylamide monomer expressed bygeneral formulae (a1) and (a2) are preferable from a perspective ofincreasing the polymerization rate of the entire system.

More specific examples of the structure of the silicone (meth)acrylamidemonomers expressed by general formulae (a1) and (a2) are the silicone(meth)acrylamide monomers expressed by general formulae (b1) through(b4).

In the chemical formulae (b1) to (b4), R¹ independently represents ahydrogen atom or a methyl group. Of these, hydrogen atoms are morepreferable from the perspective of increasing the polymerization rate.

R⁵ to R¹³ independently represent alkyl groups having between 1 and 20carbon atoms or aryl groups having between 6 and 20 carbon atoms. If thenumber of carbon atoms of R⁵ through R⁸ is too high, a silicon atomcontent will be relatively low, leading to a reduction in the oxygenpermeability of the silicone hydrogel. Therefore an alkyl group withbetween 1 and 10 carbon atoms or an aryl group with between 6 and 10carbon atoms is more preferable, and alkyl group with between 1 and 4carbon atoms is even more preferable, and a methyl group which has 1carbon atom is most preferable. If the number of carbon atoms in R⁹ istoo low, the polysiloxane chain will easily hydrolyze, but if too high,the silicone hydrogel will tend to have lower oxygen permeability.

Therefore, an alkyl group with between 1 and 10 carbon atoms or an arylgroup with between 6 and 10 carbon atoms is more preferable, an alkylgroup with between 1 and 6 carbon atoms is even more preferable, and analkyl group with between 1 and 4 carbon atoms is most preferable. If thenumber of carbon atoms in R⁹ through R¹³ is too high, the oxygenpermeability of the silicone hydrogel will be too low, and therefore analkyl group between 1 and 10 carbon atoms or an aryl group with between6 and 10 carbon atoms is more preferable, an alkyl group with between 1and 4 carbon atoms is even more preferable, and a methyl group or ethylgroup is most preferable.

n is a natural number in the range from 1 to 50. If n is too small,sufficient oxygen permeability will not be achieved, but if too large, acompatibility with the hydrophilic monomer will decrease. Therefore avalue between 2 and 30 is preferable, between 3 and 10 is morepreferable, and between 3 and 10 is most preferable.

m represents a natural number from 0 to 2. m is more preferably 0 or 1in order to obtain sufficient oxygen permeability.

Of the silicone (meth)acrylamide monomers expressed by general formulae(b1) through (b4) the silicone (meth)acrylamide monomers expressed bygeneral formulae (b1) and (b2) are preferable from a perspective that aform recovery of the silicone hydrogel obtained will be favorablebecause the siloxanyl group is a straight chain, and the silicone(meth)acrylamide monomers expressed by general formula (b2) are mostpreferable from a perspective of the transparency of the siliconehydrogel obtained.

If the amount of silicone monomer used in the silicone hydrogel of thepresent invention is too low, the oxygen permeability of the siliconehydrogel will be insufficient, but if the amount is too high, thehydrophilicity will be insufficient, so the monomer and polymercomponents in the monomer mix must be between 30 and 98 weight %,preferably between 40 and 80 weight %, and more preferably between 50and 70 weight %. A lower limit value is preferably 30 weight %, morepreferably 40 weight %, and even more preferably 50 weight %. An upperlimit value is preferably 98 weight %, more preferably 80 weight %, andeven more preferably 70 weight %. Any of the preferred lower limitvalues and any of the preferred upper limit values can be combinedtogether.

In the silicone hydrogel of the present invention, the monomer andpolymer component in the monomer mix contains between 1 and 50 weight %of a non-silicone (meth)acrylamide monomer expressed by the followingformula (c0)

In chemical formula (c0), R¹ is hydrogen or methyl. At least one of R¹⁴and R¹⁵ is substituted with at least C1-C20 alkyl substituted with atleast one hydroxyl group, and with the proviso that when i) one of R¹⁴and R¹⁵ is hydrogen, ii) the other of R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ is a C1-C20 alkylgroup substituted with two or more hydroxyl groups substituted with onehydroxyl group, weight percent reported in the present application arebased upon total amount of monomer components and polymer components inthe monomer mix. Incidentally, with the present invention, thenon-silicone (meth)acrylamide monomer refers to (meth)acrylamidemonomers that do not contain a siloxanyl group in the molecule.

In one embodiment, the non-silicone (meth)acrylamide monomer comprisestwo or more hydroxyl groups in the molecule. In chemical formula (c0) ofthis embodiment, R¹ represents hydrogen or methyl group. In someembodiments hydrogen atoms are more preferable from the perspective ofincreasing the polymerization rate. In this embodiment at least one ofR¹⁴ and R¹⁵ is selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C20alkyl group, or optionally substituted C6-C20 aryl group with theproviso that the total number of hydroxyl groups in R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ is twoor more. In one embodiment R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ is are independently selectedfrom C1-C10 alkyl group which may be substituted with at least one morehydroxyl group, and in other embodiments C1-C6 alkyl group which may besubstituted with at least one more hydroxyl group, so long as thenon-silicone (meth)acrylamide meets the proviso above. Examples of R¹⁴and R¹⁵ include hydrogen atoms, methyl groups, ethyl groups, propylgroups, n-propyl groups, i-propyl groups, n-butyl groups, s-butylgroups, t-butyl groups, n-pentyl groups, i-pentyl groups, s-pentylgroups, neopentyl groups, hexyl groups, heptyl groups, octyl groups,nonyl groups, decyl groups, dodecyl groups, eicosyl groups, phenylgroups, naphthyl groups, 2-hydroxyethyl groups, 2-hydroxypropyl groups,3-hydroxypropyl groups, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl groups, 4-hydroxy butylgroups, 2-hydroxy-1,1-bis(hydroxymethyl)ethyl groups,2-hydroxymethylphenyl groups, 3-hydroxymethylphenyl groups,4-hydroxymethylphenyl groups and the like. These alkyl and hydroxyalkylgroups can be straight or branched. A particularly preferable example ofa non-silicone type (meth)acrylamide monomer containing two or morehydroxyl groups in the molecule include the monomers expressed by thefollowing general formulae (c1) through (c3).

In chemical formulae (c1) through (c3), R¹ independently represents ahydrogen atom or a methyl group. In some embodiments hydrogen atoms aremore preferable from the perspective of increasing the polymerizationrate. Furthermore, of these monomers, the monomers expressed by formula(c1) produced contact lenses having superior clarity when polymerizedwith the other components used in the present examples.

In another embodiment, a non-silicone (meth)acrylamide monomer comprisesone hydroxyl group and no amide hydrogen in the molecule. In chemicalformula (c0) of this embodiment, R¹ represents hydrogen or methyl group.In some embodiments hydrogen atoms are more preferable from theperspective of increasing the polymerization rate. Preferably R¹⁴ andR¹⁵ are independently selected from optionally substituted C1-C20 alkylgroup, or optionally substituted C6-C20 aryl group with the proviso thatone of R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ is substituted with at least one hydroxyl group.

Examples of R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ include methyl groups, ethyl groups, propylgroups, n-propyl groups, i-propyl groups, n-butyl groups, s-butylgroups, t-butyl groups, n-pentyl groups, i-pentyl groups, s-pentylgroups, neopentyl groups, hexyl groups, heptyl groups, octyl groups,nonyl groups, decyl groups, dodecyl groups, eicosyl groups, phenylgroups, naphthyl groups, 2-hydroxyethyl groups, 2-hydroxypropyl groups,3-hydroxypropyl groups, 4-hydroxy butyl groups, 2-hydroxymethylphenylgroups, 3-hydroxymethylphenyl groups, 4-hydroxymethylphenyl groups andthe like. These alkyl groups can be straight or branched. Examples ofnon-silicone (meth)acrylamide monomer with a hydroxyl group and no amidehydrogen in the molecule include the monomers expressed by the followinggeneral formulae (c11) through (c13).

In chemical formulae (c11) through (c13), R¹ independently represents ahydrogen atom or a methyl group. In some embodiments hydrogen atoms aremore preferable from the perspective of increasing the polymerizationrate. Furthermore, of these monomers, the monomers expressed by formula(c11) are most preferable from the perspective of the transparency ofthe silicone hydrogel obtained.

From the perspective of low modulus of the silicone hydrogel obtained,acrylamide monomer comprising one hydroxyl group and one amide hydrogenin the molecule is preferable. Examples of an acrylamide monomercomprising one hydroxyl group and one amide hydrogen in the moleculeinclude N-(mono-hydroxyl substituted C1-C20 alkyl)acrylamide andN-(mono-hydroxyl substituted C6-C20 aryl)acrylamide. More specificexamples include N-(2-hydroxyethyl)acrylamide,N-(2-hydroxypropyl)acrylamide, N-(3-hydroxypropyl)acrylamide,N-(2-hydroxybutyl)acrylamide, N-(3-hydroxybutyl)acrylamide, N-(4-hydroxybutyl)acrylamide, N-(2-hydroxymethylphenyl)acrylamide,N-(3-hydroxymethylphenyl)acrylamide, N-(4-hydroxymethylphenyl)acrylamideand the like. These alkyl and aryl groups can be straight or branched.From the perspective of low modulus of the silicone hydrogel obtained,N-(mono-hydroxyl substituted C2-C4 alkyl)acrylamide is more preferable,and N-(2-hydroxyethyl)acrylamide is most preferable.

If the amount of non-silicone (meth)acyrlamide monomer is too low, thesilicone hydrogel will have low transparency or high modulus or both,but if the amount is too high, the silicone hydrogel will have lowoxygen permeability, and therefore the amount is between 1 and 50 weight%, in some embodiments between 2 and 30 weight %, and in otherembodiments between 3 and 20 weight %, and in others between about 5 andabout 15 weight %, based on the monomer and polymer component in themonomer mix.

Suitable lower limit values include about 1 weight %, about 2 weight %,about 3 weight %, and about 5 weight %. Suitable upper limit valuesinclude about 50 weight %, about 30 weight %, about 20 weight %, andabout 15 weight %. Any of the preferred lower limit values and any ofthe preferred upper limit values can be combined together. The monomermix for obtaining silicone hydrogels of the present invention may alsocontain reactive and non-reactive wetting agents.

Suitable wetting agents include hydrophilic polymer with a molecularweight of about 1000 or more. The hydrophilic polymers may beincorporated into the monomer mix in amounts from about 1 to about 30%by weight with respect to the total amount of monomer components andpolymer components.

Examples of hydrophilic polymers that may be used in the siliconehydrogel of the present invention include poly-N-vinyl pyrrolidone,poly-N-vinyl-2-piperidone, poly-N-vinyl-2-caprolactam,poly-N-vinyl-3-methyl-2-caprolactam, poly-N-vinyl-3-methyl-2-piperidone,poly-N-vinyl-4-methyl-2-piperidone, poly-N-vinyl-4-methyl-2-caprolactam,poly-N-vinyl-3-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone,poly-N-vinyl-4,5-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidone, polyvinyl imidazole,poly-N-vinyl formamide, poly-N-vinyl(methyl)acetamide,poly-N-methyl-N-vinyl(methyl)acetamide,poly-N-vinyl-N-(methyl)propionamide,poly-N-vinyl-N-methyl-2-(methyl)propionamide,poly-N-vinyl-2-(methyl)propionamide, poly-N-vinyl-N,N′-dimethylureapoly-N,N-dimethyl acrylamide, poly-N,N-diethyl acrylamide,poly-N-isopropyl acrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylate,polyethylene oxide, poly-2-ethyl oxazoline, heparine, polysaccharide,poly-acryloyl morpholine, and mixtures and copolymers thereof. Thehydrophilic polymers selected from polyvinylpyrrolidone,poly-N,N-dimethyl acrylamide, polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol,poly-N-methyl-N-vinyl(methyl)acetamide and copolymers and mixturesthereof are may be particularly effective at enhancing the wettabilityof certain silicone hydrogels. Polyvinylpyrrolidone andpoly-N,N-dimethyl acrylamide provide a balance between the wettabilityof the silicone hydrogel and the compatibility to the monomer mix incertain formulations. Examples of suitable wetting agents are disclosedin US2006-0072069A1, U.S. Pat. No. 6,367,929 and US-2008-0045612A1.

If the amount of hydrophilic polymer that is used in the siliconehydrogel of the present invention is too low, the desired wettabilitymay not be achieved, but if too high, the hydrophilic polymer may noteasily dissolve in the monomer mix, and therefore the amount is betweenabout 1 and about 30 weight %, in some embodiments between about 2 andabout 25 weight %, in other embodiments between about 3 and about 20weight %, and other embodiments between about 6 and about 20 weight % ofthe monomer and polymer component in the monomer mix. Lower limit valuesinclude about 1 weight %, about 2 weight %, preferably about 3 weight %,and about 6 weight %. Upper limit values include about 30 weight %,about 25 weight %, about 20 weight %, about 9 weight %. Any of the lowerlimit values and any of the upper limit values can be combined together.

If the molecular weight of the hydrophilic polymer that is used in thesilicone hydrogel of the present invention is too low, desirablewettability may not be provided, but if too high, the solubility in themonomer mix may be inferior, and viscosity of the monomer mix will beincreased. In one embodiment the molecular weight is preferably between1000 Daltons and 10 million Daltons, in some embodiments between 100,000Daltons and 1 million Daltons, and in other embodiments between 200,000and 800,000. In embodiments where the hydrophilic polymer comprises atleast one reactive group capable of covalently bonding with the siliconehydrogel matrix, the molecular weight may be at least about 2000Daltons, at least about 5,000 Daltons; and in some embodiments betweenabout 5,000 to about 180,000 Daltons, or between about 5,000 to about150,000 Daltons. Lower limit values include about 1000 Daltons, about100,000 Daltons, and about 200,000 Daltons. Upper limit values includeabout 10 million Daltons, about 1 million Daltons, and about 800,000Daltons. Any of the preferred lower limit values and any of thepreferred upper limit values can be combined together. The molecularweight of the hydrophilic polymer of the present invention is expressedby the weighted average molecular weight (Mw) measured by gel permeationchromatography (column: TSK gel GMPWXL manufactured by TosohCorporation, mobility phase: water/methanol=50/50, 0.1 N lithium nitrateadded, flow rate: 0.5 mL/minute, detector: differential refractive indexdetector, molecular weight standard sample: polyethylene glycol).

In one embodiment, the monomer mix for obtaining the silicone hydrogelof the present invention preferably also satisfies the followingcondition (D).

(D) At least a part of the silicone monomers is silicone(meth)acrylamide monomer, and the total amount of all (meth)acrylamidemonomers (silicone and non-silicone (meth)acrylamide monomers) is about90% or more by weight with respect to the total amount of monomercomponents in the monomer mix.

Of the monomer components used for polymerizing the silicon hydrogel ofthe present invention, if the amount of non-acrylamide monomer is toohigh, the overall polymerization rate will be decreased, so the totalamount all of (meth)acrylamide monomers (silicone and non-silicone(meth)acrylamide monomers) is in one embodiment about 90 weight % orhigher, in another about 95 weight % or higher.

The silicone hydrogel of the present invention can also contain a secondnon-silicone type amide monomer in addition to the non-silicone typeacrylamide monomer containing two or more hydroxyl groups in themolecule. Examples thereof include (meth)acrylamide,N,N-dimethyl(meth)acrylamide, N,N-diethyl(meth)acrylamide,N-isopropyl(meth)acrylamide, (meth)acryloyl morpholine,N-methoxymethyl(meth)acrylamide, N-hydroxymethyl(meth)acrylamide,N-(2-hydroxyethyl)(meth)acrylamide, and the like. Of these,N,N-dimethylacrylamide is preferable from a perspective of a balancebetween hydrophilicity and compatibility with the silicone monomer, andthe polymerization rate.

If the amount of the second non-silicone type (meth)acrylamide monomerthat is used is too high, the oxygen permeability will be reduced, butif too low, the silicone hydrogels will be too hard, and therefore theamount of the second non-silicone type (meth)acrylamide monomer in thisembodiment is between about 1 and about 50 weight %, more preferablybetween about 10 and about 40 weight %, and most preferably between 15and 35 weight %, based on the monomer and polymer component in themonomer mix. Lower limit values are about 1 weight %, about 10 weight %,and aboutl5 weight %. Upper limit values are about 50 weight %, about 40weight %, and about 35 weight %. Any of the lower limit values and anyof the upper limit values can be combined together.

The silicone hydrogel of the present invention may also include amonomer with two or more polymeric groups as a copolymerizationcomponent. In this case, the silicone hydrogel of the present conventionis made to be solvent resistant. Preferable examples of monomers withtwo or more polymeric groups include bifunctional and polyfunctionalacrylates such as ethylene glycol(meth)acrylate, diethylene glycoldi(meth)acrylate, triethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, neopentyl glycoldi(meth)acrylate, tetraethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, glyceryltri(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, and trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, and bisacrylamides such as N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide, N,N′-ethylene bisacrylamide, N,N′-propylenebisacrylamide, and the like. Of these, the bisacrylamides are preferablefrom a perspective of increased polymerization rate, and of these,N,N′-methylene bisacrylamide and N,N′-ethylene bisacrylamide arepreferable. The amount of monomer containing two or more polymericgroups that is used is between about 0.1 and about 10 weight %, in someembodiments between about 0.5 and about 8 weight %, and in otherembodiments between about 0.8 and about 5 weight %. Lower limit valuesinclude about 0.1 weight %, about 0.5 weight %, and about 0.8 weight %.Upper limit values include about 10 weight %, about 8 weight %, andabout 5 weight %. Any of the preferred lower limit values and any of thepreferred upper limit values can be combined together.

When obtaining the silicone hydrogel of the present invention bypolymerization, a polymerization initiator may also be added to enhancepolymerization. Suitable initiators include thermal polymerizationinitiator such as a peroxide compound or an azo compound, or aphotopolymerization initiators (which may be UV, visible or acombination), or mixtures thereof. If thermal polymerization is used, athermal polymerization initiator that has optimal decompositionproperties at the desired reaction temperature is selected and used.Generally, an azo type initiator or a peroxide type initiator where the10 hour half-life temperature is between about 40° C. and about 120° C.is preferable. Examples of photopolymerization initiators includecarbonyl compounds, peroxide compounds, azo compounds, sulfur compounds,halogenated compounds, metal salts, and the like. More specific examplesof photoinitiators include as aromatic alpha-hydroxy ketones,alkoxyoxybenzoins, acetophenones, acylphosphine oxides, bisacylphosphineoxides, and a tertiary amine plus a diketone, mixtures thereof and thelike. Illustrative examples of photoinitiators are 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenyl ketone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one,bis(2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl)-2,4-4-trimethylpentyl phosphine oxide(DMBAPO), bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phenyl phosphineoxide (Irgacure819), 2,4,6-trimethylbenzyldiphenyl phosphine oxide and2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl diphenylphosphine oxide, benzoin methyl ether anda combination of camphorquinone and ethyl 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzoate.Commercially available visible light initiator systems include Irgacure819, Irgacure 1700, Irgacure 1800, Irgacure 819, Irgacure 1850 (all fromBASF) and Lucirin TPO initiator (available from BASF).

Commercially available UV photoinitiators include Darocur 1173 andDarocur 2959 (BASF). These and other photoinitiators which may be usedare disclosed in Volume III, Photoinitiators for Free Radical Cationic &Anionic Photopolymerization, 2^(nd) Edition by J. V. Crivello & K.Dietliker; edited by G Bradley; John Wiley and Sons; New York; 1998,which is incorporated herein by reference. These polymerizationinitiators can be used independently or blended together, and the amountused is approximately 1 weight % for 100 weight % of monomer component.

Other components that can be present in the reaction mixture used toform the contact lenses of this invention include, ultra-violetabsorbing compounds, medicinal compounds, nutriceutical compounds,antimicrobial compounds, copolymerizable and nonpolymerizable dyes,including dyes and compounds which reversibly change color or reflectlight when exposed to various wavelengths of light, release agents,reactive tints, pigments, combinations thereof and the like.

When obtaining the silicone hydrogel of the present invention bypolymerization, a polymerization solvent can be used. The solvent can beany type of organic or inorganic solvent. Examples that can be usedinclude water, methanol, ethanol, propanol, 2-propanol, butanol,tert-butanol, tert-amyl alcohol, 3,7-dimethyl-3-octanol,tetrahydrolinalool, and other alcohol type solvents; benzene, toluene,xylene, and other types of aromatic hydrocarbon solvents; hexane,heptane, octane, decane, petroleum ether, kerosene, ligroin, paraffin,and other types of aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents; acetone, methyl ethylketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and other ketone type solvents; ethylacetate, butyl acetate, methyl benzoate, dioctyl phthalate, ethyleneglycol diacetate, and other ester type solvents; diethyl ether,tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethylene glycol dialkyl ether, diethyleneglycol dialkyl ether, triethylene glycol dialkyl ether,tetraethyleneglycol dialkyl ether, polyethylene glycol dialkyl ether,polyethylene glycol-poly propylene glycol block copolymer, polyethyleneglycol-poly propylene glycol random copolymer, and other types of glycolether solvents. The solvents can be used individually or combined. Ofthese, alcohol type solvents and glycol ether type solvents arepreferable from a perspective that the solvents can easily be removedfrom the silicone hydrogel obtained by washing with water Solventsuseful in preparing the devices of this invention include ethers,esters, alkanes, alkyl halides, silanes and alcohols. Examples of ethersuseful as diluents for this invention include tetrahydrofuran. Examplesof esters useful for this invention include ethyl acetate. Examples ofalkyl halides useful as diluents for this invention include methylenechloride. Examples of silanes useful as diluents for this inventioninclude octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane. Examples of alcohols useful asdiluents for this invention include hexanol, heptanol, octanol, nonanol,decanol, tert-butyl alcohol, 3-methyl-3-pentanol, isopropanol, and3,7-dimethyl-3-octanol. Additional diluents useful for this inventionare disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,020,445, which is incorporated hereinby reference.

The silicone hydrogel of the present invention can be used independentlyby molding into the desired shape, but can also be blended with othermaterials and then molded. Furthermore, a coating may be applied to thesurface of the molded parts.

Applications for the silicone hydrogels of the present invention includeophthalmic lenses, endoscopes, catheters, transfusion tubes, gastransport tubes, stents, sheaths, cuffs, tube connectors, access ports,drainage bags, blood circuits, wound covering material, and varioustypes of medicine carriers, but contact lenses, intraocular lenses,artificial cornea, cornea inlays, and cornea onlays are particularlysuitable, and contact lenses are most suitable.

When the silicone hydrogel of the present invention is molded and usedas an ophthalmic lens, the polymerization method and molding method canbe standard methods as follows. Examples include a method of firstmolding the silicone hydrogel into a round bar or plate and thenmachining to the desired shape by a cutting or lathing process or thelike, a mold polymerization method, a spin cast method, and the like.

As one example, the case where an ophthalmic lens is made from thesilicone hydrogel of the present invention using a mold polymerizationmethod is described next.

A monomer composition is injected into the space between two molds whichhave a lens shape. Next, photopolymerization or thermal polymerizationis performed to form the lens shape. The mold is made from plastic,glass, ceramic, metal, or the like, but for the case of photopolymerization, an material which is transparent to thephotopolymerization wavelength is used, and normally plastic or glass isused. When manufacturing the silicone hydrogel, a space is formed by twocounterfacing molds, and the monomer composition is injected into thespace. Next, the mold with the space filled with the monomer compositionis irradiated with an activating light such as ultraviolet light,visible light or a combination thereof, or placed in an oven or bath andheated to polymerize the monomer. It is also possible to use bothmethods, by thermal polymerization after photopolymerization orconversely by using photopolymerization after thermal polymerization.For the case of photopolymerization, generally a light containing a highlevel of light from a light source, such as a mercury lamp or afluorescent lamp for example, is irradiated for a short period of time(normally 1 hour or less). When performing thermal polymerization,conditions where the temperature is gradually increased from near roomtemperature to a high temperature of between about 60° C. and about 200°C. over the course of several hours to several tens of hours ispreferable in order to maintain the optical consistency and quality ofthe polymer and to increase the reproducibility.

The silicone hydrogel of the present invention can be modified byvarious methods. If the application is an ophthalmic lens, and ahydrophilic polymer is not internally included, a modification processmay be performed in order to improve the wetting properties of the lens.

Specific modification methods include electromagnetic (including light)irradiation, plasma irradiation, vapor deposition, chemical vapordeposition treatment such as sputtering, heating, mold transfer coating,charge association coatings, base treatments, acid treatments, andtreatments with other suitable surface treatment agents, andcombinations thereof can also be used.

Examples of a base treatment or acid treatment include a method ofbringing a molded part into contact with a basic or acidic solution, ora method of bringing a molded part into contact with a basic or acidicgas. More specific methods include, for example, a method of immersing amolded parts in a basic or acidic solution, a method of spraying a basicor acidic solution or a basic or acidic gas onto a molded parts, amethod of applying a basic or acidic solution onto a molded part using apaddle or brush or the like, a method of spin coating a basic or acidicsolution onto a molded part, a dip coat method, and the like. Thesimplest method that provides a large modification affect is a method ofimmersing a molded part in a basic or acidic solution.

The temperature when immersing the silicon hydrogel in a basic or acidicsolution is not particularly restricted, but normally the temperature iswithin a range between approximately about −50° C. and about 300° C.When considering an ease of work, a temperature range between about −10°C. and about 150° C. is more preferable, and a range between about −5°C. and about 60° C. is most preferable.

The optimum time that the silicone hydrogel is immersed in the basic oracidic solution varies depending on the temperature, but generally 100hours or less is preferable, 24 hours or less is more preferable, and 12hours or less is most preferable. If the contact time is too long, notonly will the ease of work and the productivity be inferior, but theremay also be negative effects such as reducing the oxygen permeabilityand degrading the mechanical properties.

Examples of bases that can be used include alkali metal hydroxides,alkali earth metal hydroxides, various types of carbonates, varioustypes of borates, various types of phosphates, ammonia, various ammoniumsalts, various amines, and polymer bases such as polyethyleneimine andpolyvinyl amine and the like. Of these, alkali metal hydroxides are mostpreferable because of the low cost and the strong treatment effect.Examples of acids that can be used include various types of inorganicacids such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, andnitric acid; various types of organic acids such as acetic acid, formicacid, benzoic acid, and phenol; and various types of polymer acids suchas polyacrylic acid and polystyrene sulfonic acid and the like. Ofthese, polymer acids are most preferable because the treatment effect isstrong and the negative effect on other physical properties is minimal.

The solvent for the basic or acidic solution can be any type ofinorganic or organic solvent. Examples include water, methanol, ethanol,propanol, 2-propanol, butanol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol,triethylene glycol, tetraethyleneglycol, polyethylene glycol, glycerin,and other alcohols, benzene, toluene, xylene, and other aromatichydrocarbons, hexane, heptane, octane, decane, petroleum ether,kerosene, ligroin, paraffin, and other aliphatic hydrocarbons, acetone,methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and other ketones, ethylacetate, butyl acetate, methyl benzoate, dioctyl phthalate, and otheresters, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethylene glycol dialkylether, diethyl glycol dialkyl ether, triethylene glycol dialkyl ether,tetraethyleneglycol dialkyl ether, polyethylene glycol dialkyl ether andother ethers; dimethylformamide, dimethyl acetoamide,N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl imidazolidinone, hexamethyl phospholictriamide, dimethyl sulfoxide and other non-protonic polar solvents,methylene chloride, chloroform, dichloroethane, trichloroethane,trichloroethylene, other halogen type solvents, and freon type solvents.

Of these, water is most preferable from the perspective of economics,simplicity of handling, and chemical stability and the like. The solventcan also be a blend of two or more types.

With the present invention, the basic or acidic solution that is usedmay contain components other than the basic or acidic substance and thesolvent.

The basic or acidic substance can be removed from the silicone hydrogelby washing after the basic or acidic treatment.

The washing solvent can be any type of inorganic or organic solvent.Examples include water, methanol, ethanol, propanol, 2-propanol,butanol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol,tetraethyleneglycol, polyethylene glycol, glycerin, and other alcohols,benzene, toluene, xylene, and other aromatic hydrocarbons, hexane,heptane, octane, decane, petroleum ether, kerosene, ligroin, paraffin,and other aliphatic hydrocarbons, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methylisobutyl ketone, and other ketones, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methylbenzoate, dioctyl phthalate, and other esters, diethyl ether,tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethylene glycol dialkyl ether, diethyleneglycol dialkyl ether, triethylene glycol dialkyl ether, tetraethyleneglycol dialkyl ether, polyethylene glycol dialkyl ether and otherethers; dimethylformamide, dimethyl acetoamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone,dimethyl imidazolidinone, hexamethyl phospholic triamide, dimethylsulfoxide and other non-protonic polar solvents, methylene chloride,chloroform, dichloroethane, trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, otherhalogen type solvents, and freon type solvents.

The washing solvent can be a blend of two or more types. The washingsolvent can contain components other than solvent, such as inorganicsalts, surfactants, and cleaning agents.

Modification treatment as described above can be performed on the entiresilicone hydrogel, or can be performed only on a portion of the siliconehydrogel such as only on the surface. If the modifications are performedonly on the surface, the surface wettability alone can be enhancedwithout dramatically changing the physical properties of the entiresilicone hydrogel.

If the water content of the silicone hydrogel of the present inventionis too low, the silicone hydrogel will be hard, but if the water contentis too high, water may evaporate from the surface of the siliconehydrogel and the wearer may experience a dry lens feeling during lenswear, so water content between about 20 and about 50 weight % aredesirable, between about 25 and about 45 weight % is more preferable,and between about 30 and about 40 weight % is most preferable. Lowerlimit values are about 20 weight %, about 25 weight %, and about 30weight %. Upper limit values are about 50 weight %, about 45 weight %,and about 40 weight %. Any of the preferred lower limit values and anyof the preferred upper limit values can be combined together.

An elastic modulus of the silicone hydrogel of the present invention ispreferably about 200 psi or less, in some embodiments about 100 psi orless, in order to obtain comfortable feel when being worn when the useis an ophthalmic lens and particularly a soft contact lens. The elasticmodulus and elongation of the polymer of the present invention aremeasured by cutting out an array shape sample where a width of thenarrowest section is 5 mm, and then stretching at a rate of 100mm/minute using a tensile tester until it breaks. The initial gaugelength of the sample (Lo) and sample length at break (Lf) are measured.Twelve specimens of each composition are measured and the average isreported. Tensile modulus is measured at the initial linear portion ofthe stress/strain curve. Percent elongation is =[(Lf−Lo)/Lo]×100.

An elongation of the silicone hydrogel of the present invention isdesirably about 100% or higher, in some embodiments about 150% orhigher, and most in some embodiments about 200% or higher. Higher valuesmean that the silicone hydrogel will not easily break.

An advancing contact angle of the silicone hydrogel of the presentinvention is desirable about 70 degrees or less, about 60 degrees orless, and in some embodiments about 50 degrees or less, if theapplication is an ophthalmic lens.

As for the oxygen permeability of the silicone hydrogel of the presentinvention, the oxygen permeability constant is desirably about50×10⁻¹¹(cm²/sec)mLO₂/(mL·hPa) or higher, and in some embodiments50×10⁻¹¹(cm²/sec)mLO₂/(mL·hPa) or higher. The oxygen permeabilityconstant of the polymer of the present invention is a value measured bya polarographic method.

As for the transparency of the silicone hydrogel of the presentinvention, the whole light transmissivity in the visible range ispreferably about 85% or higher, more desirably about 90% or higher, andmost preferably about 95% or higher when the application is anophthalmic lens.

The silicone hydrogel of the present invention is suitable for use inmedical implements such as ophthalmic lenses, endoscopes, catheters,transfusion tubes, gas transport tubes, stents, sheaths, cuffs, tubeconnectors, access ports, drainage bags, blood circuits, wound coveringmaterial, and various types of medicine carriers, but is particularlysuitable for contact lenses, ophthalmic lenses, and artificial corneas.

The present invention will be described in further detail below throughthe use of working examples, but the present invention is not limited tothese working examples.

MEASUREMENT METHOD FOR EXAMPLES 1-17

(1) Whole Light Transmissivity

The whole light transmissivity was measured using an SM color computer(model SM-7-CH, manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co. Ltd.). Wateron the lens sample is lightly wiped off, and then the sample is set inthe light path and measured.

The thickness was measured using an ABC Digimatic Indicator (ID-C112,manufactured by Mitsutoyo Corporation), and samples with a thicknessbetween 0.14 and 0.15 mm were measured.

(2) Elastic Modulus and Elongation

An array shaped sample with a width of 5 mm in the narrowest region wascut from the lens sample, the thickness was measured using an ABCDigimatic Indicator (ID-C112, manufactured by Mitsutoyo Corp., and thenthe elastic modulus and the elongation were measured using a Tensilon(RTM-100 manufactured by Toyo Baldwin Co. Ltd., cross head speed 100mm/minute).

(3) Water Content

The weight of the silicone hydrogel when containing water (W1) and theweight when dry (W2) were measured and the water content was calculatedfrom the following formula.

Water content (%)=(W1−W2)/W1×100

However, with the present invention, the condition where the siliconehydrogel contains water refers to a condition where the siliconehydrogel has been immersed in saline solution at 25° C. for 6 hours orlonger. Furthermore, a dry condition for the silicone hydrogel refers toa condition where drying has been performed for 16 hours or longer in avacuum dryer at 40° C.

(4) Dynamic Contact Angle

A short strip sample with a width of 5 mm was cut from the lens sample,and the dynamic contact angle was measured using a WET-6000 dynamiccontact angle meter manufactured by Rhesca Corporation (immersion rate 7mm/minute).

(5) Stress Zero Time

A 5 mm wide 1.5 cm long strip sample was cut from near the center of alens, and measured using a CR-500DX rheometer manufactured by SunScientific Co. Ltd. The sample was mounted at a chuck width of 5 mm, andafter stretching 5 mm at a rate of 100 mm/minute, this sample wasreturned to the original length (5 mm) at the same rate, and this cyclewas repeated 3 times. From the moment that the stress became zero partway through returning the sample to the original length the second time,the length of time until the moment that stress began to be applied(stress was no longer zero) after beginning the third stretch cycle wasdetermined to be the stress zero time. A shorter stress zero timeindicates that the shape recovery properties of the silicone hydrogelare favorable, and a value of 2 seconds or less is preferable, 1.5seconds or less is more preferable, and 1.2 seconds or less is mostpreferable.

WORKING EXAMPLE 1

A silicone monomer expressed by the following formula (s1)

(0.925 g, 56.06 weight %), N,N-dimethyl acrylamide (0.510 g, 31.27weight %), and non-silicone acrylamide monomer expressed by thefollowing formula (h1)

(0.017 g, 1 weight %), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP K90, 0.132 g, 8 weight%), N,N′-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA, 0.018 g, 1.1 weight %),ultraviolet light absorber 2-(2′-hydroxy-5′-methacryloyloxy ethylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole (0.036 g, 2.22 weight %), 3-methyl-3-pentanol(3M3P, 1.350 g), and photoinitiator Irgacure 819 (0.004 g, 0.25 weight%) were blended together and mixed. The monomer blend obtained wasdegassed in an argon environment. The monomer blend was injected intothe cavity in a transparent plastic (front curve side: Zeonor, basecurve side: polypropylene) mold with a lens shape in a glove box under anitrogen gas environment, and a lens was obtained by irradiating withlight (Philips TL03, 1.6 mW/cm², 15 minutes) to harden. The lensobtained was peeled from the mold and impurities such as residualmonomer were extracted by immersing for 70 minutes at room temperaturein a 70% (volumetric ratio) aqueous solution of 2-propanol (IPA). Afterimmersing in water for 10 minutes, the sample was placed submerged in aboric acid buffer solution (pH 7.1 to 7.3) in a 5 mL vial bottle, andthe vial bottle was placed in an autoclave and boiled for 30 minutes at120° C.

The whole light transmissivity, water content, elastic modulus, andelongation of the lens sample obtained were as shown in Table 1, andthus a lens was obtained which was transparent and had a balance betweenfavorable physical properties.

TABLE 1 stress Silicone Non-silicone water elastic zero monomeracrylamide DMA content modulus Elong. time DCA monomer wt % Monomer wt %(wt %) % T (%) (psi) (%) (sec) (degree) Working Example 1  (s1) 56.06(h1)  1 31.27 92.0 40.7  95.2 254 0.81 36.5 Working Example 2  (s1)56.06 (h1)  2 30.27 92.0 37.0  86.0 293 0.97 43.8 Working Example 3 (s1) 56.06 (h1)  3 29.27 91.7 38.0 107.9 306 0.99 45.2 Working Example4  (s1) 56.06 (h1)  5 27.27 91.6 36.1  95.4 364 0.93 47.5 WorkingExample 5  (s1) 56.06 (h1)  7 25.27 91.5 37.3 116.9 370 0.85 50.1Working Example 6  (s1) 56.06 (h1) 12 20.27 91.8 34.7 135.5 295 0.9150.2 Working Example 7  (s1) 56.06 (h2)  1 31.27 91.2 40.0 103.0 2321.01 35.2 Working Example 8  (s1) 56.06 (h2)  2 30.27 91.1 37.7  97.9276 1.01 35.9 Working Example 9  (s1) 56.06 (h2)  3 29.27 91.6 37.6 96.2 282 0.95 28.5 Working Example 10 (s1) 56.06 (h2)  5 27.27 91.137.0 113.5 309 0.97 33.9 Working Example 11 (s1) 56.06 (h2)  7 25.2791.6 36.3 143.3 292 1.09 34.5 Comparative Example 1 (s1) 56.06 HEAA  131.27 82.0 41.0  85.5 369 1.05 30.2 Comparative Example 2 (s1) 56.06HEAA  2 30.27 43.8 42.0  81.4 306 0.93 33.9 Comparative Example 3 (s1)56.06 HEAA  3 29.27 18.7 43.6  88.7 324 0.93 36.6 Comparative Example 4(s1) 56.06 HEAA  5 27.27 17.7 42.2  87.0 302 0.91 27.8 ComparativeExample 5 (s1) 56.06 HEAA  7 25.27 11.8 41.1  89.1 292 0.81 32.4Comparative Example 6 (s1) 56.06 HEAA 12 20.27  8.6 41.1 102.5 186 0.8538.6

WORKING EXAMPLES 2 THROUGH 6

Lens samples were obtained by polymerizing in a manner similar toworking example 1, except that the composition was changed as shown inTable 1. The appearance, whole light transmissivity, water content,elastic modulus, and elongation of the sample obtained were as shown inTable 1.

WORKING EXAMPLE 7

A lens sample was fabricated in a manner similar to working example 1,except that the monomer expressed by the following formula (h2)

was used in place of the monomer expressed by formula (h1) as thenon-silicone acrylamide monomer. The appearance, whole lighttransmissivity, water content, elastic modulus, and elongation of thesample obtained were as shown in Table 1.

WORKING EXAMPLES 8 THROUGH 11

A lens sample was obtained by polymerizing in a manner similar toworking example 7, except that the composition was changed as shown inTable 1. The appearance, whole light transmissivity, water content,elastic modulus, and elongation of the sample obtained were as shown inTable 1.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 1 THROUGH 6

Lens samples were obtained by polymerizing in a manner similar toworking example 1, except that 2-hydroxyethyl acrylamide (HEAA) asexpressed in the following formula (h0)

was used in place of the monomer expressed by formula (h1) as thenon-silicone acrylamide monomer, and the composition was as shown inTable 1. The appearance, whole light transmissivity, water content,elastic modulus, and elongation of the sample obtained were as shown inTable 1. From the data in Table 1 it can be seen that the whole lenstransmissivity was undesirably low. Thus, non-silicone acrylamidemonomers having a hydrogen on the nitrogen, and only one hydroxyl groupdo not provide the desired level of compatibility to the formulations.Comparative Examples 1-5 displayed desirable moduli.

WORKING EXAMPLES 12 THROUGH 16

Lens samples were fabricated in a manner similar to working example 1using the monomer expressed in the following formula (s2)

as the silicone acrylamide monomer and the monomer expressed by formula(h1) or (h2) as the non-silicone acrylamide monomer at the compositionshown in Table 2. The whole light transmissivity, water content, elasticmodulus, and elongation of the sample obtained were as shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 stress Silicone Non-silicone trans- water elastic elon- zeromonomer acrylamide DMA missivity content modulus gation time DCA monomerwt % Monomer wt % (wt %) (%) (%) (psi) (%) (sec) (degree) WorkingExample 12 (s2) 56.06 (h1)  5 27.27 88.9  40.9 94.0 272 0.94 47.4Working Example 13 (s2) 56.06 (h1)  7 25.27 88.9  40.1 87.2 220 1.0053.5 Working Example 14 (s2) 56.06 (h1) 12 20.27 89.4  39.5 83.1 2320.87 47.5 Working Example 15 (s2) 56.06 (h1) 20 12.27 87.1  40.3 79.8217 0.83 55.4 Working Example 16 (s2) 56.06 (h2)  7 25.27 87.3  39.989.0 297 0.88 44.8 Comparative Example 7 (s2) 56.06 HEAA  5 27.27 3.244.1 68.5 253 1.15 53.5 Comparative Example 8 (s2) 56.06 HEAA  7 25.273.3 44.0 68.1 213 1.02 54.4 Comparative Example 9 (s2) 56.06 HEAA 1220.27 3.9 43.6 65.3 256 1.01 61.7

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 7 THROUGH 9

Lens samples were fabricated in a manner similar to working example 1using the monomer expressed by formula (s2) as the non-siliconeacrylamide monomer and using HEAA expressed by formula (h0) as thesilicone acrylamide monomer, at the composition shown in Table 2. Thewhole light transmissivity, water content, elastic modulus, andelongation of the sample obtained were as shown in Table 2. Comparingthe results of Comparative Examples 6-9 with Examples 12-16 it can beseen that HEAA is not sufficient as a compatibilizer for these systems.This is surprising as the methacrylate version, 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate does function as a compatibilizing component in siliconehydrogels. However, the formulations of Comparative Examples 6-9 whichuse HEAA display desirable, low moduli.

WORKING EXAMPLE 17

The components shown in Table 3 were blended together withN,N′-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA, 1.1 weight %),2-(2′-hydroxy-5′-methacryloyloxy ethyl phenyl)-2H-benzotriazole(Norbloc, 2.2 weight %), photoinitiator Irgacure 819 (0.25 weight %) andtertiary amyl alcohol (t-AA) as the solvent in a ratio of 45 wt %diluents to 55 wt % components, and mixed. The following acronyms areused in Table 3.

(s1) is a silicone monomer of the formula:

(h1) is a non-silicone acrylamide monomer (NSA in Table 3) expressed bythe following formula:

DMA N,N-dimethyl acrylamide

PVP polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP K90),

The monomer blend obtained was degassed under vacuum. The monomer blendwas injected into the cavity in a transparent plastic (front curve side:Zeonor, base curve side: polypropylene) mold with a lens shape in aglove box under a nitrogen gas environment, and a lens was obtained byirradiating with light (Philips TL03, 1.5 mW/cm², 15 minutes) to cure.The lens were released from the mold and impurities such as residualmonomer were removed by immersing in 70/30 (vol/vol) mixture ofisopropol alcohol (IPA) and DI water for ˜90 minutes at roomtemperature. After extraction, the lenses were then immersed in DI waterfor ˜90 minutes to remove the IPA and then stored in standard packingsolution to equilibrate. Individual lenses were placed in glass vialswith ˜5 ml of packing solution and autoclaved at ˜120 ° C. for 30minutes. The measured value for lens haze, water content, dynamiccontact angle (DCA) and elastic modulus are listed in Table 3. Thus, alens was obtained which was sufficiently transparent and exhibited abalance of favorable physical properties.

The advancing contact angle in Examples 17-19 and Examples 31-36 wasmeasured as follows. Four samples from each set were prepared by cuttingout a center strip from the lens approximately 5 mm in width andequilibrated in packing solution. The wetting force between the lenssurface and borate buffered saline is measured at 23° C. using aWilhelmy microbalance while the sample is being immersed into or pulledout of the saline. The following equation is used

F=2γp cos θ or θ=cos⁻¹(F/2γp)

where F is the wetting force, γ is the surface tension of the probeliquid, p is the perimeter of the sample at the meniscus and θ is thecontact angle. The advancing contact angle is obtained from the portionof the wetting experiment where the sample is being immersed into thepacking solution. Each sample was cycled four times and the results wereaveraged to obtain the advancing contact angles for the lens.

Haze in Examples 17-19 and Examples 31-36 was measured by placing ahydrated test lens in borate buffered saline in a clear 20×40×10 mmglass cell at ambient temperature above a flat black background,illuminating from below with a fiber optic lamp (Titna Tool Supply Co.fiber optic light with 0.5″ diameter light guide set at a power settingof 4-5.4) at an angle 66° normal to the lens cell, and capturing animage of the lens from above, normal to the lens cell with a videocamera (DVC 1300C:19130 RGB camera with Navitar TV Zoom 7000 zoom lens)placed 14 mm above the lens platform. The background scatter issubtracted from the scatter of the lens by subtracting an image of ablank cell using EPIX XCAP V 1.0 software. The subtracted scatteredlight image is quantitatively analyzed, by integrating over the central10 mm of the lens, and then comparing to a −1.00 diopter CSI Thin Lens®,which is arbitrarily set at a haze value of 100, with no lens set as ahaze value of 0. Five lenses are analyzed and the results are averagedto generate a haze value as a percentage of the standard CSI lens.

Modulus in Examples 17-19 and Examples 31-36 was measured by using thecrosshead of a constant rate of movement type tensile testing machineequipped with a load cell that is lowered to the initial gauge height. Asuitable testing machine includes an Instron model 1122. A dog-boneshaped sample having a 0.522 inch length, 0.276 inch “ear” width and0.213 inch “neck” width is loaded into the grips and elongated at aconstant rate of strain of 2 in/min. until it breaks. The initial gaugelength of the sample (Lo) and sample length at break (Lf) are measured.Twelve specimens of each composition are measured and the average isreported. Tensile modulus is measured at the initial linear portion ofthe stress/strain curve. Percent elongation is =[(Lf−Lo)/Lo]×100.

WORKING EXAMPLES 18 AND 19

A lens sample was obtained by polymerizing in a manner similar toworking example 17, except that the composition was changed as shown inTable 3. The measured value for lens haze, water content, dynamiccontact angle (DCA) and elastic modulus are listed in Table 3.

WORKING EXAMPLES 20 THROUGH 24

Lens samples were fabricated in a manner similar to working example 17except that the composition was changed as shown in Table 3. Themeasured value for lens haze, water content, dynamic contact angle (DCA)and elastic modulus are listed in Table 3. Comparing Examples 20-22 toExample 17, it can be seen that when the PVP content is reduced, theresulting lenses are clear, but less wettable. Comparing Examples 23-25to Example 17, it can be seen that when the PVP content is increased orwhen a non-silicone monomer is changed into (h2), the resulting lensesare wettable, but less clear.

WORKING EXAMPLE 25

A lens sample was fabricated in a manner similar to working example 17,except that the non-silicone (meth)acrylamide monomer of formula (h2)was used.

The measured value for lens haze, water content, dynamic contact angle(DCA) and elastic modulus are listed in Table 3.

TABLE 3 [s1] [NSA] [DMA] [PVP] Haze Elastic wt Wt wt wt % % modulus Ex#% % % % CSI H₂O psi DCA 17 56 3   30  8 21 ± 45 120 ± 51 ±  2 10  5 1845 3.4 40  8 18 ± 53 113 ± 48 ±  1  9 16 19 48 3.4 39  7 33 ± 51 120 ±54 ±  1 10 13 20 55 3   36  2 17 ± 39 164 ± lw*  1 16 21 40 3   51  2 16± 55 130 ± lw*  1  7 22 51 3   38  5 23 ± 44 122 ± lw*  1 11 23 55 3  26 12 75 ± 48 132 ± 75 ±  1  6 14 24 45 3   40 10 42 ± 55 103 ± 50 ±  2 7  8 25 56 3   30  8 83 ± 45 117 ± 57 ± 33  7  4 lw = less-wetting

Monomer Synthesis 1

2-(N-methylamino)ethanol (7.88 g, 0.105 mol) and tetrahydrofuran (100mL) were placed in a 300 mL 3-necked flask, acrylic acid chloride (4.1mL, 0.05 mol) was added by drops using a dropping funnel over a periodof approximately 20 minutes while in an ice bath (−10 to −5° C.).

2 hours after the start of dropwise addition, the reaction solution wasfiltered and the precipitate was washed with hexane that had been cooledin a refrigerator. The wash solution was combined with the filtrate, andthen concentrated using an evaporator. The crude material was purifiedby silica gel column chromatography (tetrahydrofuran as eluent). Themonomer expressed by the following formula (h3)

was obtained.

Monomer Synthesis 2

A monomer was synthesized in a manner similar to Monomer synthesis 1,except that 1-(N-methylamino)-2,3-dihydroxypropane was used in place of2-(N-methylamino)ethanol. The monomer expressed by the following formula(h4)

was obtained.

WORKING EXAMPLE 26 THROUGH 27

A lens sample was fabricated in a manner similar to working example 1,except that the monomer expressed by the formula (h3) and (h4) was usedin place of the monomer expressed by formula (h1) as the non-siliconeacrylamide monomer, and except that the composition was changed as shownin Table 4. The appearance, whole light transmissivity, water content,elastic modulus, and elongation of the sample obtained were as shown inTable 4.

TABLE 4 trans- stress Advancing silicone non-silicone N,N- mis- waterelastic elon- zero contact acrylamide acrylamide dimethylacrylamidesivity content modulus gation time angle formula (wt %) formula (wt %)(wt %) (%) (%) (psi) (%) (sec) (degree) Working (s1) 56.06 (h3) 7 25.2790.3 NA NA NA NA NA Example 26 Working (s1) 56.06 (h4) 7 25.27 91.9 37.4151 151 0.80 58.5 Example 27 NA = not analyzed

Thus, the present invention relates to a silicone hydrogel, and thissilicone hydrogel is suitable for use in medical devices, andparticularly suitable for use in contact lenses, intraocular lenses,artificial cornea, and the like.

1. A silicone hydrogel obtained by polymerizing a polymerization mixcontaining a plurality of monomers containing about 30 to about 98weight % of at least one silicone monomer; and about 1 to about 50weight % of at least one non-silicone (meth)acrylamide monomerrepresented by

wherein R¹ is hydrogen or methyl; at least one of R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ is a C1-20alkyl group substituted with at least one hydroxyl group, and with theproviso that when; i) one of R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ is hydrogen ii) the other ofR¹⁴ and R¹⁵ is substituted with at least two hydroxyl groups, whereinsaid weight percent based upon total amount of monomer components andpolymer components in the monomer mix.
 2. The silicone hydrogelaccording to claim 1, wherein said non-silicone (meth)acrylamide monomercomprises two or more hydroxyl groups.
 3. The silicone hydrogelaccording to claim 1, wherein said non-silicone (meth)acrylamide monomercomprises one hydroxyl group and no amide hydrogen.
 4. The siliconehydrogel according to any of claim 1 to claim 3, wherein thepolymerization mix further comprises about 1 to about 30 weight % of atleast one hydrophilic polymer with a molecular weight of about 1000 ormore; wherein said weight percent is based upon total amount of monomercomponents and polymer components in the monomer mix.
 5. The siliconehydrogel according to claim 1, wherein, the silicone monomer comprisesat least one silicone (meth)acrylamide monomer, and the silicone(meth)acrylamide monomer and non-silicone (meth)acrylamide monomer arepresent in the monomer mix in an amount of about 90% or more by weightwith respect to a total amount of the monomer components in the monomermix.
 6. The silicone hydrogel according to any one of claims 1 to claim5, wherein the silicone monomers have at least one hydroxyl group. 7.The silicone hydrogel according to claim 5, wherein the silicone(meth)acrylamide monomer is represented by the following general formula(a1) or (a2):

wherein in the chemical formulae (a1) and (a2), R¹ independentlyrepresents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R²represents an alkylgroup having between 1 and 20 carbon atoms and having at least onehydroxyl group; R³independently represents an alkylene group withbetween 1 and 20 carbon atoms or an arylene group having between 6 and20 carbon atoms, which may have substitution groups; R⁴ represents H, anaryl group or alkyl group with between 1 and 20 carbon atoms which mayhave substitution groups; and A represents a siloxanyl group.
 8. Thesilicone hydrogel according to claim 5, wherein the silicone(meth)acrylamide monomer is represented by the general formulae (b1) or(b2):

wherein in the chemical formulae (b1) or (b2), R¹ independentlyrepresents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R⁵ to R⁹ independentlyrepresent alkyl groups with between 1 and 20 carbon atoms or aryl groupswith between 6 and 20 carbon atoms; and n is a natural number in therange from 1 to 50).
 9. The silicone hydrogel according to claim 5,wherein the silicone (meth)acrylamide monomer is represented by thegeneral formulae (b3) or (b4):

wherein in the chemical formulae (b3) or (b4), R¹ independentlyrepresents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R¹⁰ to R¹³ independentlyrepresent alkyl groups with between 1 and 20 carbon atoms or aryl groupswith between 6 and 20 carbon atoms; and m is a natural number in therange from 0 to
 2. 10. The silicone hydrogel according to any one ofclaim 1 to claim 9, wherein the non-silicone (meth)acrylamide monomer isrepresented by any one of the following general formulae (c1) to (c3):

wherein in the chemical formulae (c1) to (c3), R¹ independentlyrepresents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
 11. The silicone hydrogelaccording to claim 4, wherein, the at least one hydrophilic polymer isselected from a group consisting of poly-N-vinyl pyrrolidone,poly-N-vinyl-2-piperidone, poly-N-vinyl-2-caprolactam,poly-N-vinyl-3-methyl-2-caprolactam, poly-N-vinyl-3-methyl-2-piperidone,poly-N-vinyl-4-methyl-2-piperidone, poly-N-vinyl-4-methyl-2-caprolactam,poly-N-vinyl-3-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone,poly-N-vinyl-4,5-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidone, polyvinyl imidazole,poly-N-vinyl formamide, poly-N-vinyl(methyl)acetamide,poly-N-methyl-N-vinyl(methyl)acetamide,poly-N-vinyl-N-methylpropionamide,poly-N-vinyl-N-methyl-2-methylpropionamide,poly-N-vinyl-2-methylpropionamide, poly-N-vinyl-N,N′-dimethylurea,poly-N,N-dimethyl acrylamide, poly-N,N-diethyl acrylamide,poly-N-isopropyl acrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylate,polyethylene oxide, poly-2-ethyl oxazoline, heparine, polysaccharide,poly-acryloyl morpholine, and mixtures and copolymers thereof.
 12. Thesilicone hydrogel according to claim 4, wherein the at least onehydrophilic polymer is selected from a group consisting of polyvinylpyrrolidone, poly(N,N-dimethyl acrylamide),poly-N-vinyl(methyl)acetamide, polyacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, andcopolymers thereof.
 13. The silicone hydrogel according to claim 5,wherein the composition amount of the (meth)acrylamide monomer withrespect to the total amount of monomer components in the monomer mix is95% or more by weight.
 14. The silicone hydrogel according to any one ofclaim 1 to claim 13, wherein, the monomer mix further comprises about 1to about 50 weight % at least one non-silicone (meth)acrylamide monomerhaving no hydroxyl group.
 15. The silicone hydrogel according to claim14, wherein, the non-silicone (meth)acrylamide monomer having nohydroxyl group is selected from a group consisting of (meth)acrylamide,N,N-dimethyl(meth)acrylamide, N,N-diethyl(meth)acrylamide,N-isopropyl(meth)acrylamide, (meth)acryloyl morpholine, and N-methoxymethyl(meth)acrylamide.
 16. A medical device made from the siliconehydrogel described in any one of claim 1 to claim
 15. 17. The medicaldevice according to claim 16, wherein the medical device is contactlenses, artificial corneas, endoscopes, catheters, transfusion tubes,gas transport tubes, stents, sheaths, cuffs, tube connectors, accessports, drainage bags, blood circuits, wound covering material, andmedicine carriers.
 18. An ophthalmic lens made from a silicone hydrogeldescribed in any one of claims 1 to claim
 15. 19. A contact lens madefrom a silicone hydrogel described in any one of claims 1 to claim 15.20. The silicone hydrogel of claim 1 wherein R is selected from thegroup consisting of C1-10 alkyl groups substituted with at least onehydroxyl group.
 21. The silicone hydrogel of claim 1 wherein R isselected from the group consisting of C1-6 alkyl groups substituted withat least one hydroxyl group.